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1 Million Spiders Make Golden Spider Silk fabric for Rare Cloth---re-edited by Lynn from Predatex Silk fabric.

    A rare textile made from the silk of more than a million wild spiders goes on display in 2009 at the American Museum of Natural History in New York City.

To produce this unique golden cloth, 70 people spent four years collecting golden orb spiders from telephone poles in Madagascar, while another dozen workers carefully extracted about 80 feet of silk filament from each of the arachnids. The resulting 11-foot by 4-foot textile is the only large piece of cloth made from natural spider silk existing in the world today.

“Spider silk is very elastic, and it has a tensile strength that is incredibly strong compared to steel or Kevlar,” said textile expert Simon Peers, who co-led the project. “There’s scientific research going on all over the world right now trying to replicate the tensile properties of spider silk and apply it to all sorts of areas in medicine and industry, but no one up until now has succeeded in replicating 100 percent of the properties of natural spider silk.”

Peers came up with the idea of weaving spider silk after learning about the French missionary Jacob Paul Camboué, who worked with spiders in Madagascar during the 1880s and 1890s. Camboué built a small, hand-driven machine to extract silk from up to 24 spiders at once, without harming them.

“Simon managed to build a replica of this 24-spider-silking machine that was used at the turn of the century,” said Nicholas Godley, who co-led the project with Peers. As an experiment, the pair collected an initial batch of about 20 spiders. “When we stuck them in the machine and started turning it, lo and behold, this beautiful gold-colored silk started coming out,” Godley said.

Father Comboué, who one historical text erroneously calls Father Comboné, had a partner in designing his machine, M. Nogué. Together, they got quite a spider silk fabric industry going in Madagascar and even exhibited “a complete set of bed hangings” at the Paris Exposition of 1898. That fabric has since been lost, but the exhibition brought them some attention, excerpted below.

“It should be said that the female halabe allows herself to be relieved of her silken store with exemplary docility and this in spite of the fact that she is distinguished for her ferocity; her usual treatment of the males who pay her court is to eat them and she feasts without compunction on members of her own sex weaker than herself. M Nogue’s apparatus consists of a sort of stocks arranged to pin down on their backs a dozen spiders. The spiders accept this imprisonment with resignation and lie perfectly quiet while the silken thread issuing from their bodies is rapidly wound on to a reel by means of a cleverly devised machine worked by hand.” — Great Britain Board of Trade Journal

“The first experiments of Father Comboné were made in the simplest manner. The spiders were imprisoned in match boxes and by slightly compressing the abdomen he managed to extract and wind upon a little reel turned by hand it thread that sometimes attained a length of 500 yards… it is to the ingenuity of M. Nogue, one of the sub directors, that we owe the apparatus which permits the thread to be wound mechanically and to be twisted and doubled in the quickest and most practical manner. This is done by means of a curious little machine, not easy to describe, in which the spiders are imprisoned by the throat while undergoing the operation. Young Malagasy girls go daily to a park near the school to gather three or four hundred spiders which they carry in osier baskets with wooden covers to be divested of their webs… Generally after having submitted to the reeling operation the spiders are put back in the park for a couple of weeks… [The silk’s] color when first spun is a beautiful gold and it requires no carding or preparation of any sort before being woven. Will this be the silk of the future?” — The Literary Digest

But to make a textile of any significant size, the silk experts had to drastically scale up their project. “Fourteen thousand spiders yields about an ounce of silk,” Godley said, “and the textile weighs about 2.6 pounds. The numbers are crazy.”

Researchers have long been intrigued by the unique properties of spider silk, which is stronger than steel or Kevlar but far more flexible, stretching up to 40 percent of its normal length without breaking. Unfortunately, spider silk is extremely hard to mass produce: Unlike silk worms, which are easy to raise in captivity, spiders have a habit of chomping off each other’s heads when housed together.

To get as much silk as they needed, Godley and Peers began hiring dozens of spider handlers to collect wild arachnids and carefully harness them to the silk-extraction machine. “We had to find people who were willing to work with spiders,” Godley said, “because they bite.”

By the end of the project, Godley and Peers extracted silk from more than 1 million female golden orb spiders, which are abundant throughout Madagascar and known for the rich golden color of their silk. Because the spiders only produce silk during the rainy season, workers collected all the spiders between October and June.

Then an additional 12 people used hand-powered machines to extract the silk and weave it into 96-filament thread. Once the spiders had been milked, they were released into back into the wild, where Godley said it takes them about a week to regenerate their silk. “We can go back and re-silk the same spiders,” he said. “It’s like the gift that never stops giving.”

Of course, spending four years to produce a single textile of spider silk isn’t very practical for scientists trying to study the properties of spider silk or companies that want to manufacture the fabric for use as a biomedical scaffold or an alternative to Kevlar armor. Several groups have tried inserting spider genes into bacteria (or even cows and goats) to produce silk, but so far, the attempts have been only moderately successful.

Part of the reason it’s so hard to generate spider silk in the lab is that it starts out as a liquid protein that’s produced by a special gland in the spider’s abdomen. Using their spinnerets, spiders apply a physical force to rearrange the protein’s molecular structure and turn it into solid silk.

“When we talk about a spider spinning silk, we’re talking about how the spider applies forces to produce a physical transformation from liquid to solid,” said spider silk expert Todd Blackledge of the University of Akron, who was not involved in creating the textile. “Scientists simply can’t replicate that as well as a spider does it. Every year we’re getting closer and closer to being able to mass-produce it, but we’re not there yet.”

For now, it seems we’ll have to be content with one incredibly beautiful cloth, graciously provided by more than a million spiders.

Images: 1) AMNH/R. Mickens 2) Nicholas Godley and Simon Peers

How much is this golden silk fabric per meter? We do not know and we do not have to know as there is nowhere you can buy. But we can buy mulberry silk fabrics, which is most widely used as luxurious fabrics for wedding gowns or other fashions.

Time for examples of silk fabric(White or dyed) prices now!

SilkChiffon 8mm(weight) 140cm(width) ===About USD6.50/mtr

SilkSatin Charmeuse 19mm(weight) 140cm(width) ===About USD13.00/mtr

SilkCrepe De Chine 40mm(weight) 140cm(width)=== About USD25.00/mtr

If you have purchased silk fabrics with price more or less than above mentioned list, congratulations to you, you are dealing with a reasonable silk supplier! If the price is lower than that or even much lower, trust me, your "silk" must be fake with polyesters or viscose! If the price reached you are much higher, please do not hesitate to contact Predatex Silk ASAP for reasonable price and reliable quality! Predatex Silk, based in Mainland China, deals with only 100% Mulberry silk fabrics in best quality!

For more information, please kindly check our website for more www.predatextile.com

Contacts: Lynn@predatextile.com or Jasom@predatextile.com +86-18298258162(WhatsApp)

For anyone who would like to copy this article, please clarify that it is from Lynn at www.predatextile.com.

Thank you very much!

Chinese New Year 2017!! ----By Lynn from Predatex Silk Co., Ltd

The coming Chinese New Year is 2017-01-28, which is 4 days away. This year's animal sign is the ROOSTER!

The Chinese New Year is the most important of the holidays for the Chinese. It is defined to be the first day of the first month in the traditional Chinese calendar. Unlike the Christian New Year, which is based on a solar calendar, the Chinese New Year is based on a traditional Chinese lunar calendar whose date indicates both the moon phase and the time of the solar year. A lunar month is around 2 days shorter than a solar month. In order to "catch up" with the solar calendar, an extra month is inserted every few years. This is why, according to the solar calendar, the Chinese New Year falls on a different date each year.

Normally, the celebration will start from the New Year's Eve and will last for around 15 days until the middle of the first month. Before the celebration, people will normally completely clean the house and display traditional New Year decorations. This festivity is the time for family reunion, which is the most important part of the Chinese New Year celebration. People will normally visit relatives and friends, do some shopping, watch traditional Chinese shows, launch fireworks, and plan for the coming year. The celebration will sometimes be highlighted with a religious ceremony given in honor of heaven, earth, the family ancestors and other gods. In modern China, working professionals will normally have 7 days of holiday including the weekend to celebrate. After the family reunion, some modern Chinese families may take the chance to visit tourist destinations.

      

New Year's Eve Dinner

The New Year's Eve dinner is the most important dinner for the Chinese. Normally, this is the family reunion dinner, especially for those with family members away from home. During the dinner, normally fish will be served. Dumplings are the most important dish in Northern China. These two dishes signify prosperity. Other dishes are dependent on personal preference. The majority of Chinese will have New Year's Eve dinner at home instead of a restaurant.

Fireworks

Fireworks are used to drive away the evil in China. Right after 12:00PM on New Year's Eve, fireworks will be launched to celebrate the coming of the New Year as well as to drive away the evil. It is believed that the person who launched the first firework of the New Year will obtain good luck.

For more information, please kindly check our website for more www.predatextile.com

Contacts: Lynn@predatextile.com or Jasom@predatextile.com +86-18298258162(WhatsApp)

For anyone who would like to copy this article, please clarify that it is from Lynn at www.predatextile.com.

Thank you very much!

Yellow Mountain Travel Guide

As far as I could know, there is perhaps no other place in China that can match Huangshan, also known as Yellow Mountain. Seated in the Anhui province, Huangshan was named a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1990. The scenic area is simply magnificent and unforgettable with lofty and steep peaks and rocks. The landscape is in fact so inspiring that there are a number of Taoist constructions and influences in the area, providing tranquility to a beautiful religion.

Top Attractions on The Yellow Mountain

Sunrise and Sunset - The sun rises in the east as it does throughout the world. The best places to catch a sunrise in Huangshan are from Dawn Pavilion, Refreshing Platform, Lion Peak, Rosy Clouds Peak, Bright Peak Summit, Jade Screen Peak, Lotus Blossom Peak, and Heavenly Capital Peak. In the summer and autumn, the sun rises between 4:40am and 5:10am; in spring and winter, the sun wakes up between 5:30am and 6am.

Beginning-to-Believe Peak - This incredible site, stands at 1,668 meters tall and is one of the 36 smaller peaks of Huangshan Mountain which features interesting pine trees and exaggerated stones wrapped by eerie but loving grennery.

Peach Blossom Peak - This is another one of the 36 peaks of Huangshan Mountain. Every March and April, the peak blossoms with red and pink flowers due to the peach trees found here.

Lion Peak - Standing at 1,690 meters tall, Lion Peak has its name because it looks like a strong lion stretched across the range. This is one of the best places in the park to view the sunrise, Cloud Sea over the peaks, and the brightly lit moon sky.

Flying Stone -This 39-foot tall, 8 meter long, and 360 ton rock balanced on a seemingly flimsy ledge seems to defy physics. It has its name because it seems to fly from heaven itself. It is also called Feilai Stone.

Bright Summit - This is the 2nd highest summit in Huangshan and an ideal spot from which to observe Cloud Sea. Sunrise is also marvelous from this vantage point.

Sunrise on the Yellow Mountain

Top Four Natural Wonders on the Yellow Mountain

Pine Tree

If not for glacial movements, Huangshan would not exist. When the land came back to life, it also gave birth to many different kinds of pine trees. They are variants of the Chinese Pine and unique due to the special topography and climate found here. These pines grow in areas 800 meters above sea level and have a great relationship with the natural environment. How do these trees manage to grow on the steep slopes? Their seeks drop into cracks in the granite and then germinate and prosper.

Kistler Rock

Rock admiring is much like cloud watching; you can always find a shape that they resemble. There are more than 120 such rocks in Huangshan with outlines that remind viewers of people, animals, and other interesting items. These named rocks also take on different shapes when seen from various angles. Along with their pine tree neighbors, the combination really elicits the feel of a painting come to life.

Clouds Sea

Clouds and mountains come hand in hand. The cloudscapes in Yellow Mountain are famous and are beautiful throughout the year. The best time is perhaps winter, November to February, when the scenes are at their most dramatic. The best place to see the clouds as they evolve is from Lotus Peak, Heavenly Peak, and Bright Summit. A panorama of the sunrise is sure to cure your soul.

Hot Spring

Seeking a relaxing option? Visit the hot springs of Yellow Mountain which originate from Ziyun Peak. The water, about 42 degrees Celsius all year round, contains biocarbonate and can be used to bathe or even drink! It is said that the natural baths are ideal for ailing digestive problems, the nervous system, cardiovascular network, and metabolism rate.

Ancient Villages near the Yellow Mountain

Hongcun Village - Aside from the natural beauties of Yellow Mountain, visitors should also make time to admire Hongcun Village. This picturesque village is more than 800 years old and is enshrouded in the fog and mystique of the range. At a glance, it seems to be a landscape painting in the flesh; in fact, Hongcun has inspired many artists throughout the centuries. As well, many scenes from the visually celebrated film, “Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon” was filmed here. Hongcun is surrounded by a moat that comes out of storybooks, with bridges and a half-moon shaped pond in the heart of the village completing the dram. It has been named a UNESCO World Heritage Site for its untouched scenes featuring homes and streets that have not been updated by modernity.

Tunxi Ancient Street - Tunxi Ancient Street has century-old history which dates back to the Song Dynasty (960-1279) in which Emperor Huizong (1082-1135) shifted his throne of government to Lin'an (now is Hangzhou) when numerous architects, craftsmen and workmen were conscripted to construct it as the new capital. The street is paved with burgundy flagstones with a total length of 1,273 meters (about 1,392 yards), out of which 895 meters (about 979 yards) is the pedestrian commercial street. Along the street there are many shops that have existed for over one hundred years.

Xidi Village - Construction of Xidi Village began during the Northern Song Dynasty (960-1127) and so far it has a history of over 9 centuries. The village is famed as being the "Ming and Qing dynasties Local Residence Museum".

Tachuan Village - Compared to the well-known scenic attraction, Hongcun village in east China's Anhui Province, the neighboring Tachuan Village seems a bit off the beaten track, situated just on the tip between Hongcun and the Bamboo Sea. However, a walk in Tachuan Village will offer you a glimpse of the joys of a simple life for local residents, as well as the enchanting natural sceneries and fascinating Hui style architecture, while avoiding crowds.

Shexian County - Shexian County, a famous historical and cultural city, is situated in the southeastern part of Anhui Province, under the foot of the renowned Yellow Mountain. Surrounded by crystal clear water and green mountains, it is rich in cultural relics, memorial arches, memorial temples and residences. The county is an art museum of classical architecture.

Hongcun VillageWeather 

The climate of Huangshan is mild and humid, and the temperature is agreeable during all four seasons. In July, the summer’s hottest month, the temperature falls between 70 and 80 °F. The area lies in a subtropical zone, so winter months range from 25 °F to 40 °F—cold enough to result in unmatched snow scenery, but mild enough to enjoy outdoor activity in a world draped with icicles. The white, billowy cloud cover alleviates sunrays, ensuring that guests to the mountain are always comfortable.

Spring - Huangshan has its seasonal good points all year round. In April the average temperature on range is 10C (50F). Flowers, trees and grasses emerge, making Spring in the Yellow Mountains among the best seasons to visit it.

Summer - Summer time is the tourist high season. On the mountain, Summer is cool and tranquil in cloudy weather, but beware, you may still get burnt when the clouds clear. The wettest months are May through to August. This makes Summer the best time to enjoy the Sea of Clouds, one of the famous four features of the mountain. For safety reasons during Summer thunderstorms visitors are not permitted to hold umbrellas as the wind may catch them and cause falls down the mountain. Raincoats are preferable.

Autumn - The climate is most comfortable and the scenery is stunningly beautiful in Autumn. Yellow Mountain is one of the best places to enjoy Autumn foliage in China, looking down on the deciduous trees of the ravines and valleys. The pines of course retain their verdant needles. The first week of October is another high season, being a national holiday, so Huangshan is more crowded and it costs a bit more to travel and stay at hotels.

Winter - Winter, the longest of the four seasons, is chilly without being severe, though it can be freezing up on the mountain and spectacular snow-scapes are seen every year. Many tourists recommend the Winter landscapes of Mt. Huangshan as the most spectacular. It's the low season, so the mountainside is less crowded and it is cheaper to travel. Bring warm clothes, preferably fleece or down if you plan to visit in this season.

The words of this article is mainly from website and the pictures are taken by our own! We Pretex Silk hope that more people around the world could get know more about China and its great places that worth of a visit!

The Spring Festival, different writing for "FU"(福).